10/27/2011

Theoretical research & Visual research & Technical research and development

Theoretical research

A lot of reading (Academic literature, Academic journals, Books, Journal websites, Website sources) will be the main way of theoretical research. The research questions will include: What is the packaging waste? How packaging waste generated? The classification of packaging waste. How packaging waste affect environment? Packaging waste management procedures and laws. How to deal with packaging waste? How to reduce packaging waste ("5R+1D" principle, 7Rs)? How to reduce packaging waste through design? Why company changes their packaging? Etc.
And the psychological motivations of consumers to purchase goods. How packaging affect consumer's buying behaviour? Packaging design elements. How consumers deal with packaging waste? Consumer's awareness of environmental protection. How to enhance consumer's environmental awareness through packaging design? Etc.

Visual research

In this part, network videos, case studies and investigate in the real market environment will become the key of visual research. That will relate to: What approaches does designers used to reduce packaging waste? What kind of packaging in line with principles of sustainable development? The application of packaging design elements. How packaging affect consumer's buying behaviour? Whether the environmental protection information on packaging can be correctly transmitted to consumers? Whether green packaging could really help raise the environmental awareness among consumers? Etc. 

Technical research and development

Adam Lowry, the Packaging Manager of Homecare think, if you can understand the true lifecycle of a package then you can design a package in such a way as to give it the best chance of being reclaimed and used again. And he also said' the best way to effect positive environmental change is to provide consumers with a better product through design, and create mass appeal, rather than merely creating a "green" brand that speaks only to environmentalist.'
So in this part, I will focus on material research, which includes the recycling system of different materials, what kind of materials could be recycled? The role of each material and what they usually to be used for? The application of some new materials. Which steps does a package need from generate ideas to be mass-produced? The history of packaging and the changes in packaging technology. In the future study, I will try to use different materials in packaging design and learn the knowledge of structure design to reduce packaging waste. In addition, I will also learn or improve my software skills (Rhino, Coreldraw, Illustrator and Photoshop) to support the projects.

Overall - project proposal

Packaging waste can arise from a wide range of sources including supermarkets, retail outlets, manufacturing industries, households, hotels, hospitals, restaurants and transport companies. Items like glass bottles, plastic containers, aluminium cans, food wrappers, timber pallets and drums are all classified as packaging. 
It is estimated that the equivalent of 1.5 billion dustbin of packaging waste is produced in the UK each year, most of which ends up in landfill sites. Industry and commerce generate 150 million tonnes, and households about 3.2 million tonnes of packaging waste a year. Since much packaging ends up as litter on streets, it is a very visible form of waste. In the US it is estimated that approximately a quarter of landfill space is occupied by discarded packaging. In England and Wales, packaging accounts for about a third by weight of weight of household waste. 
Packaging waste has become a disease, not just about litter and landfills, but also about deforestation, air quality and global warming. We are seeing more and more packaging waste coming out these days, most of which is not recyclable. The impact on the environment is severe because we lost more resources and a lot more energy.
So how to reduce packaging waste through design will become one of my research questions.
Consumers' purchasing decision is a purely economic behavior. They consider the balance between prices and benefits (quality, convenience and brand trust) of the product when making decision. Thanks to abundant of information regarding environmental conservation campaigns, they gradually realize their materialistic consumption contribute a lot to the mass waste. As the green concerns improved, the
choices of product are no longer depend on the style and brand personality, environmental and ethical considerations are also counted as a key to purchasing decision.
However, the problem is not every consumer realize this problem and respond this yet. They may feel a responsibility to cut down on excess packaging and take steps like recycling, but also think they are unable to solve the huge problem because their efforts are too little to fix the serious problems like global climate change or ozone layer depletion.
So how to help consumers build confidence and raise awareness of environmental protection through packaging design will become another question that I prepare to research.

Why People Dye Their Hair

Many people of different ages ask of teens the question, "Why do you dye your hair?" It's a valid question. It seems like the fad these days is to have a different color of hair every week. Red, purple, blue, green, orange, it doesn't matter, as long as it's new. The crazier the better, the brighter the cooler. I feel I'm experienced in this area, as I've dyed my hair at least a dozen times in the last couple years. Why do we do it? Most hair dyers probably aren't entirely sure of their ulterior motives behind the florescent colors, but I decided to figure it out.
When someone dyes their hair a noticeably bright color, they get noticed. It's impossible not to see the green haired girl walking down the hall, or the blue haired boy in your gym class. It's immediately the way you're first described by your peers. This attracts attention to you, and makes you more known around your school. Everyone's talking about your new hair color, about how "crazy" and "cool" it is; or maybe how "gross" it is, depending on how it turned out. You could look like a way cool punk rocker, really trendy, or like your hair grew some major mold. It can depend on the dye or the way you dye it, or sometimes on pure luck. 
Sometimes people dye their hair because they need a change. They're sick of the brown-haired, boring old person they see in the mirror every day, and want to add a little spice to their look. It's really hard to be boring looking when your hair can be seen from a block away. It's a valid reason to make a change, and seems like a good idea to me. 
A more common reason that people dye their hair, but most wouldn't admit to, is to try to be "cool". If making friends or getting respect is your reason for bringing out the dye, I would seriously recommend reconsideration, and would look down on you if that was your only reason. Maybe for some people it would be a perk, but it shouldn't be your primary motive for going hair-crazy. If it is, and you dye your hair with hopes of being cool, and it doesn't happen, you'll be stuck with a hair color that you didn't really want, which would definitely not be a good situation. It's pretty easy, and sometimes even a little amusing, when your parents or grandparents gasp at the sight of your bizarre locks, but if you don't have your friends behind you on it, the cons will much outweigh the pros. 
Some people simply think they would look much better with a different color of hair. This usually applies with more natural colors, such as blond, brown, red, or auburn. Most of the time these changes are for the better, especially if they aren't too drastic. Going from blond to black could be quite a change, and sometimes fair skin doesn't go too well with ebony hair. Interesting if you're going for the goth look, but not if you're trying to make yourself subtly better looking. 
Also, a very effective way of rebelling against your family is by dying your hair. Once they see the stain-covered bathroom and your incredible head of crazy colors, yes, they could scream. Beware of emotional mom's, I've heard they faint. And if you've got the extremely aggressive parents, watch out for those scissors, they just might try to cut your hair. But, no matter what they do, you will have made the firm statement that you are your own person and you won't listen to reasoning or discipline. Hopefully after a few weeks of grounding your parents will figure out that your hair color WILL wash out eventually, and that their social circle will get over their initial shock and thoughts of what irresponsible parents they are to let their child get away with such a thing.
There are many different ways to dye your hair, depending on how committed you are to the new look. In my own humble opinion, Kool-Aid is a beginners' step to the entire hair dying obsession. It's a non-committal way of trying out a different color. It washes out in a week or two, and isn't terribly noticeable, or expensive. The next step is semi-permanent dye, like you can get at Divine Decadence or other trendy vintage stores. These are very noticeable, and last a little longer than Kool-Aid, up to eight weeks. These colors are much more interesting and original. After that comes the bleaching of hair, and the permanent colors. I haven't reached this phase yet, but most probably will soon. 
This was my perception on the reasons for young people dying their hair. There's probably many more reasons on why people our age dye their hair that I haven't even considered. Whatever the reasons are, it's an intriguing fad that doesn't seem to have been around for too long of a time, but is getting more popular. I'll be interested to see if this trend gets defeated by some newer, "cooler" trend, and I hope that the dying of hair won't be completely stamped out, because I think it's an interesting and colorful way to make a statement. 

Videos on Midlife Crisis


4 steps in helping people in crisis


How to live through a midlife crisis


Today's midlife woman

Today’s midlife woman is very different from her 1900 counterpart. The turn-of-the-century woman in her late thirties or early forties was sliding into her last era of life. She was more physically depleted because of multiple pregnancies, was not well-educated, and had narrow opportunities.
Today’s midlife woman has a great number of productive years to which she can look forward. She has skills, education, physical strength, and community acceptance. These midlife years may become her most productive and enjoyable years.
When many of today’s midlife women were in their early twenties, they eagerly jumped into the role of wife and mother, and many never really wanted anything more. They were delighted to see their husband’s success, to vicariously enjoy what he was experiencing, to raise children to be good citizens, and to walk with God.
By their late thirties, however, many of these women are very startled by the change in their feelings about their wife and mother roles. Gradually their satisfaction level drops because of two major factors.


1. "Quiet" nest. The children of a midlife woman are usually still living at home, but are involved much of the time in school activities, part-time jobs, and with friends.
The children are growing very independent. Yes, they need Mom to do the laundry, cook the meals, and keep the house clean. They also need her to run errands and keep the loose ends tied up--but they think they don’t really need her as a person. In fact, they may actually reject her because she "thinks old ideas." She doesn’t like today’s music, clothing, and hairstyles, and may embarrass them when she is around their friends--especially at the mall.
The starry-eyed mother in her twenties may become the exploited mother in her late thirties, serving her children, but not receiving any emotional fulfillment from them.
As she looks to the future, she realizes that shortly her children may be getting married, then she may also become that dreaded "mother-in-law." She is surprised how quickly the "fun years" with the children went by. Now she may feel she is entering the "rejection years".
She is shocked to realize how many years she will live without children at home. Suddenly, her mothering role comes up for reevaluation.

2. Low marriage satisfaction. In her early twenties, marriage was a great adventure with the man she loved. He loved her and took time for her. By her late thirties, marriage may be an endless nightmare of excuses and growing distance.
They had promised each other that their marriage would not be like their parents’ marriages. Sadly, it has followed the same course. They are each preoccupied with their own concerns and have little time for their marriage relationship.
Oh, they talk all the time--about the kids, school, or the house. But they don’t talk to each other about their goals, dreams, and needs--their deep concerns.
The husband, since his early twenties, has been preoccupied with his career. He says, "Next year we’ll have more time." "Next year we’ll go away." "I’ll make it up to you, but for now . . . ." The excuses and the growing separation go on and on. So by midlife, most married people report very low marital satisfaction.
The woman who, in her twenties, willingly gave up her own personal dreams for the dreams of her husband and children, now begins to ask, "Have I been exploited?" "Did I make a mistake?" "Isn’t it time that I follow some of the dreams and abilities that God has given to me?"
This woman is on the edge of a major life reassessment that will ultimately result in her own personal blooming and a more positive relationship with the people around her. However, in the short run, the experience may be very painful for herself and her family.
The Unmarried Woman
The unmarried woman may have followed a career dream rather than marriage and mothering. Now at midlife she may begin to desire a more rounded experience. She may have a strange urge to cut back in her career, get married, be a mother. Now she would like to enjoy marriage and mother-child relationships.
Often we talk to young women experiencing near panic because they are trying to accomplish all of their life goals in one short era. They’re trying to be wives, full-time students, career women, and mothers. These young women have not yet learned that life has many seasons.
The unmarried, midlife career woman may also find herself experiencing burn-out or dis-satisfactions similar to midlife men. The upper limits in career goals may already have been reached. Or the realization may come crashing in on her that she probably never will accomplish what she’d hoped.
The "Have it All" Woman
Every woman needs to decide how she will use her life. An old saying used to teach that "Time is money". Today it’s more accurate to say, "Time is life". It’s your life we’re talking about. How will you use it? What will you accomplish? What will you do with your allotted time?
Often we talk to young women experiencing near panic because they are trying to accomplish all of their life goals in one short era. They’re trying to be wives, full-time students, career women, and mothers. These young women have not yet learned that life has many seasons.
There is time in life to enjoy being a women without the responsibilities of marriage or children. In other seasons you may enjoy being a wife without the distraction of children. Other seasons may bring children, career, volunteer work overseas, major leadership in business or the community--or maybe even the presidency of the United States! But don’t do it all at once! Take life in small chunks. Realize that God has a unique plan for each woman in her unique situation.
As you think about your current or future experience, remember to live in line with your gifts, abilities, and opportunities. You are unique to God. Try to serve others with the gifts that you have been given.
Don’t place money as a career priority. Instead, work in line with your gifts and abilities. Re-read Psalm 1 in the Bible and notice the promise that you have been transplanted into God’s own garden-you will yield your own fruit in your own season.
Blooming at Midlife
Midlife can be an exciting time with many opportunities, or a dreary time of confusion and entrapment. You may not be able to change your circumstances, but you can decide that the circumstances won’t dominate you. You do have choices.

The Spiritual Struggle for Men and Women

Prior to midlife, a man is consumed with desires, distractions and dreams. He pursues these with vigor because he feels strong and loves aggressive approaches. He is able to ignore the negative impact of his choices because he has plenty of energy and he recovers quickly. He also tends to be consumed with his interests and responsibilities to the point that he ignores his own personal growth. While he is gaining proficiency in his career and hobbies, he will begin to lag behind in relational skills, spiritual sensitivity, and balanced emotional vibrancy. Prior to midlife, these issues are boring, irritating, or unattractive. But when they become driving passions later on, he is ill-equipped to respond to their demands. For instance, a man who has not learned a balanced approach to emotional expression will find that anger is his most comfortable emotion, which is not a big deal in his twenties and thirties because it helps him become more productive. But, when he faces more sensitive needs in his forties such as the desire for intimacy, compassionate companionship, and admiration, he realizes he doesn’t know how to express his needs and desires, and just gets angry (or depressed, if he turns the anger on himself) when the needs are not met. Unfortunately, this backfires, and his anger drives away the people who could best meet these needs in his life. 

Likewise, a woman is consumed with personal responsibility, cares deeply for the people in her life, and for the pursuits she is involved with. She has been designed by God to make things better, therefore she has an insatiable desire to improve everything she touches. The passion she develops for her family, and outside interests, constantly energizes her to continue investing in what she truly cares about. As a result, she thrives on feedback from others and from the belief that her world is better because of her efforts. At the same time, she lives with a nagging sense that she can never do enough; there are always more personal needs to address, everyone needs more of her time, and everything needs a little more care. She may feel, and even obsess about, being prettier, smarter, more skilled, and more involved. But, in her pursuit, she is probably neglecting her own physical, emotional, or social health in some way, taking two steps backwards. As she gets close to midlife, many of the people she has invested herself in no longer need her, or they complain about the constant concern she shows for them. Rather than getting the positive feedback, or appreciation for a job well done, that she needs and deserves, she gets pushed away, criticized, and left behind. It is easy at this point to start thinking, “I deserve better. I have given my life for these people and they don’t appreciate it. It is my turn now. I need to do what I want since everyone else is taking me for granted.” 

What might happen on midlife crisis?

My wife show all the symptoms of going through a mid life crises and trying to be at ease with herself, this I presume is her trying to find her transformation, I have researched about spouses going through crises and have tried to be supportive to her. However about 3 months ago she quickly made her mind up that she was leaving and got herself an apartment that was totally useless to her needs, however she signed up for the apartment for 12 months.
I can see the changes in her and I have tried to understand it and support her through this period as a new person, however she says a pull at her heart strings but there can never be romance between us again, I have since gone No contact as advised which helps me, does it make any difference to her, I wouldn’t want her to think I don’t care, but at the same time and need to heal myself. I would love to transform with her and share the journey but I really don’t think I’m part of her plan. I think she as also had an emotional affair with her best friend.
Steve

I am going through depression right now, and I feel that part of it has to do with not identifying with my ‘old’ roles. The kids are grown, my parents are dead, and I didn’t make a lot of time for becoming an individual in my years of marriage. I had a pretty challenging beginning in life too, and those issues are being re-visited. I get pretty overwhelmed at times. I haven’t been working for a couple of years, and that doesn’t help. I have become dependent on my husband, who is a nice, patient, understanding guy, but I get these urges to run away from him, from this life, from it all. I feel crazy. Years ago I studied Spirituality. I was drawn to Taoism and Eastern philosophies of life. I’ll be learning Qigong over the next 12 weeks, and I hope and pray that this will bring some peace to my conflicted state of being. Mid life transformation + depression + anxiety.
Patricia

my husband left in February and said he didn’t know what he wanted. He is not the loving husband and father he was. He is very cruel and cold to us. I believe he is seeing someone which he denies but tells me he loves me but at the same it looks like he hates me. He texts me saying he misses me and wants to work things out with me but he doesn’t even try. He will spend the night one day and then go back to living his single life again. When the kids try talking to them he acts and argues like a teenager like he’s mind is going out of control. I have filed for divorce even when I still love him but he has put thru alot of hurt and pain and constantly trying to control me and fighting for cars and house. I don’t know what to do anymore, I know he down deep inside does love me but I just can’t take this pain anymore. He has become a person I don’t know anymore, he lies alot, and makes up things to other people and our kids. I still love him but down deep inside that he won’t ever come back home because he has had alot of opportunities but doesn’t do anything about it and his actions are what I see more that he says he loves me and misses me but he’s still out there living his single life. How can I take him out of my heart, I can’t take this pain anymore.
Betty

I have been really confused and shocked at how I’ve behaved and I would never have done them if i wasn’t in my late thirties? At least it is a natural maturation process as opposed to me going crazy! But just how long will it last? I keep thinking I need to get back to how I was before I did silly things looking for a freedom but then I think I can’t go back. what’s wrong with me? My little boy said ‘you’ve not retired’ yet I feel like I have taken premature retirement yet I know I’ve got along way to go, I feel lost. I just don’t know what to do.
Louise Jackson

I was away at graduate school working on my first doctorate when my wife called me late one night and told me that a close friend of mine had died of a massive heart attack. The news hit me like a sledgehammer. He was only in his mid-thirties. Two weeks earlier he and his family had stayed in our home. Sally and I had spent a month ministering with him and another close friend. In a few months I was to again be overseas with him, but but now he was gone! Everything had changed.
In retrospect, his death and my turning forty-five the day before seemed to be the two incidents that plunged me deeply into my midlife crisis.
Jim Conway

I embrace change ,but I feel i have know passion .or hobbies etc….I cant find my place to begin to change. in other words nothing excites me ….i have been this way for ever..the only thing that moved me towards purpose was my family..there has to be somthing else out there ,but I cant seem to find it..that is how i have spent my midlife looking for purpose to promote change…

 I, myself, have been in a pre affair mode for the last year. A very special friend has become to mean much more to me and our conversations took a more personal turn. I realize we both may be going through our mid life crisis plus marital slumps but that does not help ease the guilt of where my feelings have taken me or the terrible pain my heart is now that we have agreed to end our friendship before we made a big mistake and hurt our families and our selves. I have been trapped by the pain and mourning for the loss of my friend for two months now and now feel it is time to let it go and move on…hopefully wiser. 
Intellectually, we all know that people die, but before midlife we tend to think of death in terms of death happening to older people. Suddenly during midlife, some event or thought causes us to realize that death is going to happen to us.

10/11/2011

More middle-aged are living alone

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8783005/More-middle-aged-are-living-alone.html

"One of the biggest changes in living arrangements in mid-life has been the increase in the proportions living alone," the report said.

Fewer middle-aged people nowadays have children or grandchildren than in the past. However, among those who do have families, more are living with young children than in previous years, reflecting the later ages at which many choose to have babies.

About 80% of those aged 45 to 64 own their homes, but the ONS warned that younger generations are less likely to be able to buy property and fewer may be home-owners by the time they reach middle-age in the future.

Age doesn't matter






" I still have so many things I want to accomplish, with my family, with my writing and with my UNICEF work: my age will be irrelevant."







" Women don't lose their sex appeal as they get older, it just moves into a different kind of arena; a wisdom and an appreciation of life."






" It took me until my fifties to find my own style. Now I like nice little pencil skirts, pretty dresses, and lots of colour."







" I feel lucky that, at 42, I can be part of the Carol Vorderman/Jennifer Aniston generation, who are looking younger and fitter than in their early twenties."






" From the older generation in my family I've learnt to be confident in my ambitions, and from my daughter I've learnt to dance when I'm happy!"








" I'm inspired by the idea that only when we've lived our lives, and had experiences, do we really get to know ourselves."





Change your opinion

Useful links (Key Points) - Midlife

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8180947.stm

-  Under-55s who smoke increase their risk five-fold, and diabetes will more than triple it, reports the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. The US study of more than 11,000 people is a stark warning to those leading unhealthy lifestyles in midlife.

Meanwhile, other work shows brain exercises can delay dementia onset. Doing crosswords, playing cards or similar "mind-stretching" activities may delay the start of memory decline in people who develop dementia, according to a study in Neurology.

-  In the UK alone, 700,000 people now live with dementia, and the figure is going up fast. Experts predict the number for the UK will rise to more than 1 million people by 2025 and 1.7 million by 2051.
-  Current smokers were 70% more likely than those who had never smoked to develop dementia, people with high blood pressure were 60% more likely than those without high blood pressure, and people with diabetes were more than twice as likely than those without diabetes to develop it.

Neil Hunt of the Alzheimer's Society said: "Dementia is one of people's biggest fears in later life but very few people realise that there are things they can do to reduce their risk of developing this devastating condition."

-  Rebecca Wood, chief executive of the Alzheimer's Research Trust, said: "There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that looking after our hearts may be the most effective way to reduce dementia risk. We should all consider stopping smoking, taking regular exercise and adopting a healthy, Mediterranean-style diet."

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-14853794

-  The children are still at home, the career is not quite where it should be and the mortgage is a long way from being paid off.

-  A recent survey of 13,000 people in 12 different countries found that 27% of the Britons in this age group said they suffered from depression, compared with just 17% internationally.

This is compounded by a gloomy outlook on life in which 45% of British 45-54-year-olds say they feel negative about their financial situation, 30% feel negative about their career and 21% feel negative about life in general.

The survey also found that middle-aged Britons were more unhealthy than most other countries, with 35% saying they were obese and 24% admitting to smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day.
-  "There is a lack of social support in the UK, a lack of encouragement, some might say, and a culture of individualism.''

"Brits probably have more individual fun but we don't have the same social bond and social care that comforts others.''

"We are more socially mobile and our envy is greater too. We see how wealthy the wealthy are, and it is depressing to fail to match up."
-  "Being middle-aged means you are halfway through life. You may be looking at more years of life behind you than ahead of you and this influences how you feel," says Hodson.Talking to a psychotherapist or counsellor could help deal with feelings of depression "Happiness levels are lowest in people in their 40s - they are the people under pressure, wondering if they are going to fulfil their lifetime's ambition. By the time they reach their 50s and 60s, the stress is less and they tend to be more accepting about where they have got to."

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-13213755

-  Middle aged people who are overweight but not obese, are 71% more likely to develop dementia than those with a normal weight, according to research.

-  Alzheimer's Society head of research, Dr Susanne Sorensen, said: "This robust study adds to the large body of evidence which suggests that if you pile on the pounds in middle age, your chances of developing dementia later in life are also increased."By eating healthily and exercising regularly, you can lessen your risk of developing dementia."

Alzheimer's Research UK head of research, Dr Simon Ridley, said: "This study adds to existing evidence that excess weight in middle age could increase our risk of developing dementia.''

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11429993

-  Of the 2,000 people quizzed, more aged 35 to 44 said that they felt lonely or depressed than in other age groups. The survey also suggested that busy parents were using Facebook and similar sites to stay in touch with children.

-  Of those surveyed, 21% of men and women aged 35 to 44 said they felt lonely a lot of the time, and a similar percentage said that bad relationships, either at work or home, had left them feeling depressed. The same proportion said they felt closer to friends than family, and a quarter said they wished they had more time for their family.

-  There are higher expectations on people of this age in terms of what they've achieved in their careers and family life.

10/10/2011

Depression risk 'highest in 40s'

Life may begin at 40, but research suggests that 44 is the age at which we are most vulnerable to depression. Data analysis on two million people from 80 countries found a remarkably consistent pattern around the world.

The risk of depression was lowest in younger and older people, with the middle-aged years associated with the highest risk for both men and women.

The study, by the University of Warwick and Dartmouth College in the US, will feature in Social Science & Medicine. The only country which recorded a significant gender difference was the US, where unhappiness reached a peak around the age of 40 for women, and 50 for men.

Previous research has suggested that the risk of unhappiness and depression stays relatively constant throughout life. However, the latest finding - of a peak risk in middle age - was consistent around the globe, and in all types of people. Researcher Professor Andrew Oswald, an economist at the University of Warwick, said: "It happens to men and women, to single and married people, to rich and poor, and to those with and without children." He said the reason why middle age was a universally vulnerable time was unclear.
 
Count your blessings

However, he said: "One possibility is that individuals learn to adapt to their strengths and weaknesses, and in mid-life quell their infeasible aspirations." "Another possibility is that a kind of comparison process is at work in which people have seen similar-aged peers die and value more their own remaining years. Perhaps people somehow learn to count their blessings."

Professor Oswald said for the average person, the dip in mental health and happiness comes on slowly, not suddenly in a single year. Only in their 50s do most people emerge from the low period.
 
"But encouragingly, by the time you are 70, if you are still physically fit then on average you are as happy and mentally healthy as a 20-year-old." "Perhaps realizing that such feelings are completely normal in midlife might even help individuals survive this phase better." Marjorie Wallace, chief executive of the mental health charity Sane, said: "This study raises intriguing questions about the processes that lead to depression in mid-life, as well as indicating what a common experience it is worldwide.
 
"Depression is a complex and challenging condition that remains poorly understood, with as many as one in ten people with severe depression taking their own life."
 
"We welcome any scientific contribution to our understanding of this illness, particularly if the research can aid the development of better treatments, both therapeutic and pharmaceutical."
 
Andy Bell, of the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, said mental health problems were extremely common - but he stressed they could occur at any time in life.